Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is a common spine surgery used to relieve neck pain caused by a damaged disc in the cervical spine. The ACDF procedure involves removing a problematic disc to alleviate pressure on the nerves or spinal cord and fusing the affected vertebrae for stability. This blog post will answer key questions about this surgery, including “how long does ACDF surgery take?” and what to expect in the weeks after surgery.
What is ACDF?
ACDF stands for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion. It is a neck fusion procedure commonly performed to treat conditions such as herniated discs in the neck. The surgeon accesses the cervical spine through a small incision in the front of the neck (anterior approach) to remove the damaged disc, relieving pressure on the nerves and spinal cord and reducing pain. The disc space is then stabilized using an interbody graft, allowing the vertebrae to fuse over time.
Why is ACDF Performed?
The ACDF operation is typically recommended for patients suffering from:
- Chronic neck pain
- Herniated disc causing spinal cord or nerve root compression
- Bulging disc causing nerve compression
- Weakness, numbness, or tingling in the arms
- Spinal cord compression
This cervical fusion surgery aims to restore function, reduce pain, and prevent further damage to the spinal nerves or spinal cord.
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How Long Does ACDF Surgery Take?
One of the most common questions patients have is “how long does ACDF surgery take?” The ACDF procedure generally takes about 1 to 2 hours, depending on the number of discs being treated. However, the overall time in the operating room may be longer due to preparation and recovery from anesthesia.
Patients should plan for a hospital stay of a few hours to a full day (depending on the number of spinal levels treated) after the surgery, although some cases may require an overnight stay for monitoring. Minimally invasive techniques can help reduce operating time and speed up recovery.
The ACDF Procedure: Step-by-Step
Here’s a breakdown of what happens during an ACDF cervical spine surgery:
1. Incision in the Front of the Neck
The surgeon makes a small incision in the front of the neck to access the affected disc. This anterior approach minimizes muscle disruption compared to a posterior approach.
2. Removal of the Damaged Disc
The surgeon carefully removes the damaged disc that is causing pressure on the nerves. This part of the discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is known as the discectomy.
3. Bone Graft Placement
After the disc is removed, an interbody graft (bone or titanium) is placed in the disc space to promote fusion between the vertebrae.
4. Stabilization with Plates and Screws
To ensure stability during the healing process, the surgeon may secure the graft with a metal plate and screws. This step prevents movement between the vertebrae and allows for proper fusion across the disc space being treated.
Recovery and Healing After ACDF Surgery
The weeks after surgery are crucial for recovery. Patients should expect to:
- Wear a neck brace to support the healing process
- Take pain medications to manage discomfort
- Avoid strenuous activities for several weeks
Most patients can return to light activities within a few weeks. However, it can take several months for the spinal nerves and bone graft to fully heal and fuse.
What to Expect Weeks After Surgery
In the first few weeks after surgery, patients may experience some neck pain and stiffness. This is normal as the body heals. Physical therapy may be recommended to help regain strength and mobility.
Full fusion typically takes three to six months, but patients often notice improvement in their symptoms soon after surgery. Regular follow-up appointments will ensure that the cervical discectomy and fusion is progressing as expected.
Risks and Considerations of ACDF Surgery
While ACDF is generally safe, there are some risks to consider, including:
- Infection
- Difficulty swallowing
- Nerve damage
- Issues with the bone graft or hardware
Choosing a skilled surgeon experienced in spine surgery can help minimize these risks.
Who is a Candidate for ACDF Surgery?
Patients with persistent neck pain that hasn’t responded to conservative treatments like physical therapy, medications, or injections may be candidates for fusion surgery for neck issues. Conditions treated with ACDF include:
- Herniated disc
- Bulging disc in the neck
- Degenerative disc disease
- Spinal stenosis
Final Thoughts: Is ACDF Right for You?
The ACDF operation is a well-established and effective surgical procedure for herniated discs in the neck and other cervical spine issues. It can relieve pressure on the nerves, reduce neck pain, and improve quality of life for many patients. Understanding the procedure, recovery process, and potential risks is essential for making an informed decision about your care.
If you’re experiencing chronic neck pain or symptoms of a herniated disc such as arm and hand pain, numbness or tinging, consult with a spine surgery specialist to determine whether cervical fusion surgery is the right option for you.
About Dr. Luigi Bassani
Dr. Luigi Bassani is an accomplished board-certified neurosurgeon in Central Jersey and a proud member of Neurosurgeons of New Jersey, practicing out of their Livingston office. Dr. Bassani specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of a broad range of pediatric brain and spinal cord tumors and deformities including but not limited to pediatric epilepsy, cervical spine trauma, brain cancer, brain and skull growth abnormalities, and blood vessel disorders. In 2015 and 2017, he was named New Jersey’s Favorite Kids’ Docs for Pediatric Neurosurgery. Dr. Bassani also utilizes minimally invasive surgical techniques to treat adult patients suffering from brain tumors, herniated discs, and spinal trauma or degeneration. He’s accepting new patients.