The brain is located in a closed space surrounded by the skull. Underneath the skull is a type of covering of the brain, called the dura that surrounds the brain. This layer keeps the ridges of the skull smooth so the brain is better protected. Sustaining head injuries can cause many different types of bleeding inside the brain depending on the type of injury, and whether it is a traumatic brain injury or minor head injury.
This condition is also known as spondylolysis and is caused by a stress fracture in the bony bridge called the pars interarticularis that connects the facet joints. The pars interarticularis is a small bone located at the back of each lumbar vertebra, that helps to keep the vertebrae aligned properly.
Back fusion surgery involves immobilizing a motion-segment of the spine, usually performed with a combination of bone graft, hardware implants, which can include screws rods or plates, and an implant to replace the disc.
Sometimes patients feel that they initially improved after surgery but got worse again, that the pain never improved, or could be worse than before surgery. FBSS can occur after any type of spine surgery, such as spinal fusion, including cervical, thoracic, or lumbar fusion and/or decompression surgeries, which includes laminectomies and discectomies.
A pulsatile tinnitus is usually referred to as a whooshing sound that is rhythmic in either one or both ears.
In some cases of pulsatile tinnitus is caused by a narrowing of one of the large veins in the head and neck. The narrowing, or stenosis, disrupts the flow of blood and can lead to the whooshing sound or other noises of pulsatile tinnitus
